Infographics
LDL-C vs Apo-B This infographic reveals how LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentrations may not tell the full story about cardiovascular risk. It explains that LDL particles can vary in size and density, with smaller, denser particles linked to increased risk of atherosclerosis. These misleading LDL-C values can underestimate cardiovascular risk…
5 Steps of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Management Suspect PE Consider Risk Factors: Recent surgery, prolonged immobilization, active cancer, etc. Symptoms: Sudden onset of dyspnea, chest pain, and tachycardia. PERC Criteria: Utilized to rule out PE in low-risk patients. Estimate Risk of PE Clinical Tools: Use Well's score and Geneva score…
The Brockenbrough-Braunwald-Morrow Sign: Understanding LVOT Obstruction in HCM This engaging CardioNerds illustration breaks down the Brockenbrough-Braunwald-Morrow sign, highlighting the hemodynamic dynamics in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). The artwork uses characters to explain how premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) influence left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) behavior. Key Highlights: Compensatory Pause After PVC: Prolonged…
Pre-Cath Medications This infographic provides essential guidance on managing medications before cardiac catheterization, focusing on balancing medication safety and procedure outcomes. Metformin eGFR ≥ 60: Continue Metformin. Rationale: Lower risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). eGFR ≤ 45: Avoid Metformin. Rationale: Increased risk of lactic acidosis peri-cath, though the…
Cardiac Tumors in Adults This infographic outlines key aspects of cardiac tumors in adults, focusing on their epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Epidemiology Most cardiac masses are either thrombi/vegetation or neoplastic masses. Metastatic tumors are more than 20 times more common than primary cardiac tumors (PCT). Primary Cardiac Tumors (PCT)…
B.R.A.S.H Syndrome Bradycardia, Renal Failure, AV Nodal Blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalemia This infographic provides a comprehensive look at B.R.A.S.H syndrome, a critical condition resulting from the interaction of AV nodal blockade, hyperkalemia, and renal failure, leading to bradycardia and shock. Differential Diagnosis B.R.A.S.H results from the combined effects of AV…
Intracardiac Electrogram Basics for Electrophysiology Studies This infographic provides an overview of intracardiac electrograms, guiding practitioners through the steps necessary for electrophysiology (EP) studies. Key Steps in Electrophysiology Studies Place Catheters in Standard Positions: Catheters are placed at key anatomical sites, such as the high right atrium (HRA), His bundle…
Inotropes This infographic provides a detailed breakdown of inotropes, including their mechanisms, clinical applications, and adverse effects. What are Inotropes? Inotropes increase the force of myocardial contraction. Their effects vary depending on which adrenergic receptors they activate: Alpha-1: Vasoconstriction Beta-1: Increases inotropy (contractility) and chronotropy (heart rate) Beta-2: Vasodilation Why…
Cardiac Stress Testing This infographic highlights key aspects of cardiac stress testing, comparing multiple modalities and outlining indications for their use. Indications Evaluation of stable chest pain in patients with intermediate to high CAD risk Risk stratification for new-onset symptoms in patients with known CAD Assessment of valvular heart disease…
Clinical Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease This infographic provides insights into the role of genetics in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explains the impact of both rare and common genetic variants on disease risk. What is Polygenic Risk Scoring (PRS)? PRS is a continuous measure of genetic risk derived from multiple genome-wide…