Infographics
The SODIUM-HF Trial: Study of Dietary Intervention Under 100 MMOL in Heart Failure The SODIUM-HF study aimed to evaluate the effect of a low-sodium diet compared to usual care on outcomes for patients with heart failure (HF), regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Although the low-sodium diet did not…
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Management Guidelines - Value Statements This infographic outlines the economic value statements from the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guidelines for heart failure management, helping to prioritize recommendations based on cost-effectiveness and quality of life impact. It categorizes treatments into high, intermediate, and low economic value, aiding clinicians in…
Stage D (Advanced) Heart Failure This infographic summarizes the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guidelines for Stage D, or advanced heart failure. It highlights indicators of advanced heart failure, including persistent symptoms despite guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), and therapeutic considerations for patients, such as inotropes, mechanical circulatory support (MCS), and transplant.…
Aortic Stenosis: Stages, Diagnosis, and Treatment Pathways This infographic offers a comprehensive visual guide to the stages of aortic stenosis (AS), from early risk to severe disease. It breaks down the progression through four key stages: Stage A: Individuals at risk of aortic stenosis (Vmax <2 m/s). Stage B: Progressive…
Electrical Storm This infographic provides an overview of Electrical Storm (ES), defined by multiple sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes within a 24-hour period, or recurrent VT within a short time frame. It covers the pathophysiology, including substrate, triggers, and autonomic dysregulation factors, as well as acute…
Mechanical Indications for Anticoagulation This infographic outlines the recommended anticoagulation therapy for patients with mechanical and bioprosthetic valve replacements, as well as those with mechanical circulatory support. It covers INR goals, aspirin use, and bridging indications based on the presence of additional thrombotic risk factors and specific types of valve…
Lp(a) and Cardiovascular Risk This infographic provides an overview of Lp(a) or lipoprotein(a), a genetically determined LDL-like particle associated with cardiovascular risk. The content covers biochemistry, genetics, manifestations, pathophysiology, therapeutic options, future directions in treatment, and clinical guidelines for measuring and evaluating Lp(a) levels. Produced by: Dr. Christian Faaborg AndersenEditors:…
Non-Statin Lipid Lowering Agents This table provides an overview of various non-statin lipid-lowering agents, summarizing their mechanisms, lipid-lowering efficacy, impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), advantages, and disadvantages. Drug Classes Covered: Bempedoic Acid Inclisiran PCSK9 Inhibitors (Evolocumab, Alirocumab) Ezetimibe Bile Acid Sequestrants Niacin Fibrates Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA) Each…
Patent Foramen Ovale Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a remnant of fetal circulation, presenting as a persistent connection between the left and right atria. Affecting approximately 25–30% of the population, it often has no symptoms but may be associated with certain clinical conditions. Associated Defects: Atrial Septal Aneurysms (ASA) Chiari…
Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) Overview:This infographic explains the etiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, mimics, and management strategies for Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). LBBB is a significant electrocardiographic abnormality indicating conduction delay through the left bundle branch, often linked to structural heart disease. Etiology: Fibrosis and degeneration due to…