Infographics
Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia This infographic provides an overview of hypertriglyceridemia, the most common dyslipidemia affecting about 30% of the population. Hypertriglyceridemia often begins at levels of ≥150 mg/dl, though even high-normal values (100-140 mg/dl) may carry increased cardiovascular risk. Key causes are summarized with the mnemonic "High Lipids Cause Morbidity":…
Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter This infographic outlines a step-by-step guide for considering anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Key steps include confirming the diagnosis, calculating the CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, and involving patients in shared decision-making. Warfarin and various DOACs are listed with indications for dosage and…
Family History of Premature ASCVD: FAQs in CVD Prevention Clinic A family history of premature ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) includes events such as heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular incidents in first-degree relatives under age 55 for men or under 65 for women. This history is a risk-enhancing factor, especially…
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Summary:Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a form of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) > 20 mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≤ 15 mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥ 3 Woods units. PAH can be caused by various conditions,…
INOCA: Ischemia and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Summary:INOCA refers to symptoms of ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) or flow-limiting disease on left heart catheterization. The prevalence is significant, affecting 3-4 million people in the US, with around 70% of anginal hospitalizations showing non-obstructive CAD findings. It predominantly impacts…
Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) Scale Summary:The BARC Scale is a standardized tool used to categorize and define bleeding events in clinical trials. It spans from Type 1, which includes minor bleeding events that do not require medical intervention, to Type 5, indicating fatal bleeding. This scale helps clinicians assess…
Mavacamten: Novel Therapeutic Agent for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Mavacamten is a new allosteric inhibitor of cardiac myosin ATPase, designed to reduce sarcomere hypercontractility, a key mechanism in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. By decreasing actin-myosin cross-bridge interactions, Mavacamten helps to attenuate contractility, relieve left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, and improve…
The METEORIC-HF Study: The Effect of Omecamtiv Mecarbil on Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Summary:The METEORIC-HF study investigated whether Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a selective cardiac myosin activator, could improve exercise capacity in patients with HFrEF. Results showed no significant improvement in exercise capacity metrics, indicating that…
PROMPT-HF: Electronic Alerts to Improve Heart Failure Therapy in Outpatient Practice The PROMPT-HF trial tested the effectiveness of electronic medical record (EMR) alerts in improving the prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Results indicated that these alerts significantly increased GDMT prescription rates,…
EMPULSE: Empagliflozin in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure EMPULSE assessed the effects of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). The study showed that empagliflozin significantly improved clinical outcomes, survival, and quality of life for patients hospitalized with AHF, regardless of baseline physical impairment,…