Infographics
High Output Heart Failure Summary: This infographic details the pathophysiology and etiology of high output heart failure, a condition where excessive demand on the heart leads to elevated cardiac output but ultimately results in heart failure symptoms. Key etiologies include conditions that decrease systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or increase oxygen…
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Arrest Summary: This infographic provides a comprehensive overview of the unique considerations in managing cardiac arrest in pregnant patients. It covers differential diagnosis, important physiologic changes, adaptations to ACLS protocols, post-arrest care, and the role of extra-corporeal life support (ECLS) during pregnancy and postpartum. Key points…
Performing Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Summary: This infographic guides the accurate measurement of the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), a sensitive, specific, and cost-effective test for diagnosing Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). It highlights the step-by-step process of ABI measurement, including cuff placement and pressure measurement sequences. The ABI values are categorized:…
EKG in Acute Pulmonary Embolism Summary: This infographic explores the EKG findings associated with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). While EKG is not a diagnostic tool for PE due to low sensitivity and specificity, it can offer supporting evidence and aid in evaluating other causes of cardiopulmonary symptoms. The mechanisms for…
Constrictive Pericarditis Summary: This infographic provides an overview of constrictive pericarditis (CP), a condition where the pericardium becomes thickened or calcified, restricting the heart's ability to expand and fill properly. It covers signs of right heart failure, potential causes, TTE and RHC findings, and treatment options. Recognizing symptoms such as…
Pathophysiology of Constriction: Intrathoracic-Intracardiac Dissociation This infographic explores the unique hemodynamic changes in constrictive pericarditis, focusing on intrathoracic-intracardiac dissociation. It highlights how, under normal conditions, intrathoracic pressure variations during respiration are equally transmitted to both the heart chambers and the pulmonary vasculature. In contrast, constriction limits this transmission to the…
Pathophysiology of Constriction: Exaggerated Ventricular Interdependence Produced by: Dr. Evelyn Song | Dr. Bibin Varghese | Dr. Karan Desai
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Cardiogenic Shock Definition of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM):Diagnosis includes heart failure near the end of pregnancy or within five months postpartum, with LV ejection fraction <45% and idiopathic LV dysfunction excluding other causes. Role of PAC in Cardiogenic Shock:Parameters like cardiac power output (CPO) and pulmonary artery pulsatility…
Ventricular Septal Rupture Ventricular Septal Rupture (VSR) is a rare but serious complication, historically seen after myocardial infarction (MI). The incidence has decreased with reperfusion strategies, yet mortality remains high at 41-80%. 1. When should we worry about VSR?Typically occurs after a first MI in patients with delayed or no…
Post-TAVR: Suicide Left Ventricle High afterload from aortic stenosis leads to compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic pressure overload. After TAVR, rapid reduction in afterload can lead to increased contractility from the chronically hypertrophied LV, resulting in cavity obliteration. Treatment Approach: Treat Like Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Obstruction Ensure adequate preload…