Stage D (Advanced) Heart Failure

This infographic summarizes the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guidelines for Stage D, or advanced heart failure. It highlights indicators of advanced heart failure, including persistent symptoms despite guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), and therapeutic considerations for patients, such as inotropes, mechanical circulatory support (MCS), and transplant. Emphasis is placed on timely referral to a heart failure specialty care team for evaluation of advanced therapies.

Produced by: Dr. Gurleen Kaur
Reviewed by: Dr. Teodora Donisan, Dr. Amit Goyal, Dr. Eunice Dugan, Dr. Jessie Holtzman

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